Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the ear canal. Normally, 0bacteria and fungi live on the skin all over the body including the ear canal. These microorganisms, called normal flora, exist in harmony and help keep each other “in check” so neither grows out of control. In addition, earwax is an oily substance produced by glands in the ear canal and the dead skin on the surface of the canal. It has antibacterial and antifungal abilities to protect against infections. The acidic nature of earwax also helps prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria. Fungal infections of the ear canal can be mistaken for bacterial infection, and they can also occur together. These infections occur most commonly in the summer swimming season when heat, humidity, and water exposure is more prevalent. Symptoms of otomycosis typically include: Pain in the ear Itching of the ear Plugging of the ear with decreased hearing Drainage from the ear Symptoms occurring at the same time What Causes Otomycosis? Removing earwax with cotton-tipped swabs can increase the possibility of an ear canal infection because the natural protectant of the skin is gone. Excess moisture can also foster fungal infections of the ear canal in some patients. Otomycosis occurs when there is moisture, injury to skin, and a lack of earwax to protect the ear Fungi that live on the skin in the ear canal or are introduced externally need a warm, moist environment to grow. The nature and shape of the ear canal allows water to remain there for a long period of time, letting humidity build up quickly when the ear canal is plugged. Sometimes, fungal infections of the ear canal occur as a result of using antibiotics. Antibiotic eardrops suppress the growth of bacteria but not the growth of fungi. When the bacteria die, the fungus has nothing to keep it “in check, ” so it can grow and lead to an ear canal infection, or otomycosis.p