**Sinusitis** is the inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. It can be caused by infections, allergies, pollutants, or structural issues in the nasal cavity. Sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull that are connected to the nasal passages. When they become blocked or filled with fluid, they can become infected, leading to sinusitis. ### Types of Sinusitis: 1. **Acute Sinusitis**: Lasts up to 4 weeks, often starting with a common cold. 2. **Subacute Sinusitis**: Lasts between 4 to 12 weeks. 3. **Chronic Sinusitis**: Lasts for 12 weeks or longer and can be caused by ongoing infections or other underlying conditions. 4. **Recurrent Sinusitis**: Occurs several times a year. ### Symptoms: - Nasal congestion or obstruction - Thick nasal discharge (often yellow or green) - Facial pain or pressure, especially around the eyes, forehead, or cheeks - Reduced sense of smell or taste - Cough, which may be worse at night - Fever (in some cases) - Fatigue - Bad breath ### Causes: - **Infections**: Viral infections, like the common cold, are the most common cause, but bacterial and fungal infections can also lead to sinusitis. - **Allergies**: Allergic reactions can cause inflammation and swelling in the sinuses. - **Nasal Polyps**: Growths in the nasal passages can block the sinuses. - **Deviated Nasal Septum**: A crooked nasal septum can obstruct the sinuses. - **Other Factors**: Respiratory tract infections, asthma, and environmental pollutants. ### Treatment: - **Home Care**: Rest, hydration, steam inhalation, and nasal saline sprays can help relieve symptoms. - **Medications**: Decongestants, antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and antibiotics (if bacterial infection is suspected). - **Surgery**: In severe or chronic cases, surgery might be needed to remove blockages or correct structural issues. ### Prevention: - Avoid respiratory infections by practicing good hygiene. - Manage allergies with proper medication. - Avoid exposure to pollutants and irritants. - Use a humidifier to keep the air moist. If symptoms persist or worsen, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.